From messages written on birch-bark scrolls between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries in Old Novgorodian, a precursor of Russian. A cache of scrolls, preserved for centuries in mud, was found by archaeologists last year in Veliky Novgorod and translated into Russian by the Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus project. Translated from the Russian by Maya Dukmasova.
From Zhirovit to Stoyan: It’s been over eight years since you swore on the cross that you’d send me the money. If you don’t send me four and a half grivnas I will confiscate goods in your name from a very noble Novgorodian. I’m…
