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July 2021

[Essay]

History As End

1619, 1776, and the politics of the past

by ,
[Letter from Alabama]

Hard Bargain

How Amazon turned a generation against labor

by ,
[Essay]

A Complicating Energy

Notes on a year without strangers

by ,

Harper’s Magazine welcomes reader response.

Email us about articles in the magazine.

[Harper’s Index]

Percentage increase last year in UFO sightings nationwide : 16

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Maximum percentage by which satellite traffic has been observed to brighten the night sky : 10

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Number of states in which a majority of residents support daylight saving time

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Minimum number of complaints the BBC received for excessive coverage of Prince Philip’s death : 110,000

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Rank of that coverage among the most complained-about programming in BBC history : 1

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of regular videoconference attendees who report experiencing Zoom fatigue : 53

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of women with Zoom fatigue who ascribe it partly to an increased focus on their own image : 57

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Of men with Zoom fatigue who do so : 35

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Portion of emoji users who wish they had more options to reflect their personal appearance and identity : 3/5

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Who think emojis are an important tool for creating “unity, respect, and understanding” : 3/4

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage change since 1953 in the frequency with which the Supreme Court rules in favor of religious rights : +76

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of judges who have ruled in federal cases to allow religious gatherings despite COVID-19 restrictions : 38

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Of Republican-appointed judges who have done so : 66

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Of Democratic-appointed judges

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of adults with seasonal allergies who experience fewer symptoms if they regularly wear a surgical mask : 36

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Estimated number of face masks that entered the ocean last year : 1,560,000,000

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Factor by which the amount of energy polar bears must expend to survive has increased because of the loss of arctic ice : 4

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Portion of Wisconsin’s wolf population that was killed during a sixty-hour hunting period this year : 1/5

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of the earth’s land on which humans have not caused species loss : 3

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Number of trees lost each year as a result of the consumption habits of the average person in China : 0.5

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

In the United States : 5

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

In Sweden : 22

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Portion of commercial air travel emissions caused by the most frequent 1 percent of fliers : 1/2

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Average portion of the global population that does not fly in a given year : 9/10

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of Americans who believe that climate change is causing home values in their area to decline : 21

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Number of homes for sale in the United States this spring : 1,070,000

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Minimum number of real estate agents in the United States this spring : 1,463,806

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of professors at top-ranked universities whose parents earned PhDs : 30

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Estimated factor by which a professor is more likely than a member of the general public to have a parent with a PhD : 25

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage by which liberals are more likely than conservatives to participate in medical research : 16

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Estimated percentage by which the UberX service has increased binge drinking among Americans aged 21 to 34 : 10

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Minimum portion of the U.S. rental-car fleet that has been sold off during the pandemic : 1/4

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of federal tax revenue accounted for by corporate taxes in 1969 : 22

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

In 2019 : 8

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Number of Fortune 500 companies that paid no federal taxes last year : 40

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Estimated percentage of earnings that the top 1 percent of U.S. earners do not disclose to the IRS : 21

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Amount of lost revenue this represents each year : $175,000,000

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Portion of Americans who think life is fair : 1/3

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage of conversations that end when both parties want them to : 2

July 2021
[Harper’s Index]

Percentage by which the length of the average conversation differs from the desired length : 50

July 2021

Readings

[Essay]

Breaking Points
by ,
[Poem]

Psalm Under Siege
by ,
[Clarification]

Song of Despair
by ,
[Adaptation]

Compose Yourself
by , ,
[Theory]

Verde Requiem
by ,
[Exit Interview]

Dank U, Next
by ,
[Complaint]

The Sound of Vibrance
Translated by ,
[Reports]

Chow Hounds
by ,
[Fiction]

The Permitted Prohibited
by , Translated by ,
[Chat]

Working Blue
“Ali and Frisbee, 1995,” a photograph by Vinca Petersen, from her monograph No System, which was reissued last year. Petersen’s work is on view this month at Edel Assanti, in London, and at the V&A Dundee, in Scotland.
© The artist
“Mom Dances with a Dollar on Her Forehead, NY, 1976,” a photograph by Meryl Meisler, whose work is on view this month at the Kathleen O. Ellis Gallery, in Syracuse, New York.
© The artist. Courtesy Light Work, Syracuse, New York
Frog, a painting by Michael Cline, whose work was on view in March at Nino Mier Gallery, in Los Angeles.
© The artist. Courtesy Nino Mier Gallery, Los Angeles
Unforeseen Journey of Self Discovery, embroidered fabric by Kimathi Mafafo, whose work will be on view in October at Kristin Hjellegjerde, in London.
© The artist. Courtesy Kristin Hjellegjerde, London
[Letters]

Letters
by ,
[Easy Chair]

Attention
by ,
[Harper’s Index]

Harper’s Index
[Essay]

History As End

1619, 1776, and the politics of the past

by ,
[From the Archive]

Radical Nostalgia
by ,
[Letter from Alabama]

Hard Bargain

How Amazon turned a generation against labor

by ,
[Poetry]

Reasons for Staying
by ,
[Essay]

A Complicating Energy

Notes on a year without strangers

by ,
[Letter from Belfast]

Getting On With It

Art as civic repair

by ,
[Story]

Greensleeves
by ,
[Reviews]

New Books
by ,
[Reviews]

The Man Who Loved Presidents

On Jon Meacham

by ,
[Puzzle]

Crazy Quilt
by ,
[Findings]

Findings
by ,
[Findings]

Neuropsychologists developed a shorter IQ test for children with shorter attention spans.

[Findings]

The depression-prone are less attracted to the political right.

[Findings]

The nocturnal heart rate of young men can be predicted by their female partners’ daytime feelings of intimacy or annoyance.

[Findings]

Men who pose for photos with cats are seen as less datable.

[Findings]

Men can rate the facial attractiveness of women without paying attention, but women cannot do the same for men; gay men find the faces of purportedly fertile women and men more attractive; adolescents and adults both rate the faces of children younger than 4.6 years old as more appealing than those of older children; and body odors associated with fear quicken the visual processing of others’ facial expressions of fear.

[Findings]

Beak covering and nape-feather ruffling indicate calmness in sulfur-crested cockatoos.

[Findings]

Repetitive negative thinking was associated with an increased risk of dementia, and self-harm in female adolescents may prevent suicide.

[Findings]

Psychopaths recommend harsher punishments for homicides, whether accidental or motivated by profit, but exhibit relatively low concern about killing in general.

[Findings]

Online murder-for-hire advertisements seek to convey professionalism yet tend not to provide references up front.

[Findings]

Convalescent plasma helps Syrian hamsters fight SARS-CoV-2.

[Findings]

Plastic surgeons suggested that Botox could reduce the expression of negative emotions by masked faces.

[Findings]

The presence of a professional sports team increases a city’s seasonal flu deaths.

[Findings]

A psycholinguistic analysis of posts on Twitter and Weibo during COVID-19 lockdowns found that residents of Lombardy grew increasingly focused on leisure and residents of Wuhan grew increasingly focused on religion.

[Findings]

Recent toilet-­paper hoarding was more prevalent among Americans than Europeans and more prevalent among the old than the young.

[Findings]

Gerontologists cautioned that it would be difficult to predict individual Holocaust survivors’ trauma or resilience in response to the pandemic, which was expected to strengthen the market for laboratory mouse-suffocation chambers.

[Findings]

Researchers proposed replacing the paradigm of extinction with that of evanescence.

[Findings]

Climate change was expected to drive American lobsters to seek deeper waters, beavers to colonize new parts of Canada, and wolf spiders in the high Arctic to produce a second annual brood.

[Findings]

Humboldt penguins who nest in the open have more pollutant metabolites in their blood than do penguins who nest in guano-rich burrows.

[Findings]

The tiger snakes of Perth have heavy metals in their livers.

[Findings]

Satellite imagery captured ecosystem damage from fog loss, and aerial photography confirmed the existence of Roman military camps revealed by the 2018 Welsh drought.

[Findings]

A young woman in a Vilnius plague pit was found to have been coinfected with yaws.

[Findings]

A man buried at Newgrange passage tomb was found to be the product of first-degree incest, indicating that he was a member of the elite.

[Findings]

Scientists trained subjects to exercise control over a single neuron, linked the hippocampus to regret, and concluded that humans smell in stereo.

[Findings]

Straight Slovakians assume that a woman in high heels will inspire more intense mate-guarding.

[Findings]

Women who receive continuous rather than interrupted sutures for perineal repair after vaginal delivery report higher sexual levels of arousal and orgasmic function.

[Findings]

Pinkness predicts aggression in flamingos.

[Findings]

Chimpanzees have a bone in their hearts.

[Findings]

Rising population density, poor hygiene, and cold, moist weather led to a spike in ear infections in the Levant around 4000 bc, and postwar atmospheric nuclear testing led to increased cloud thickness and rainfall in the Shetland Islands.

[Findings]

A period of global coolness 4,200 years ago accelerated the diversification of japonica rice.

[Findings]

Ostrich-­shell beads indicating the onset of the Initial Upper Paleolithic were found to have reached Shuidonggou by 39000 bc, and strontium isotope levels revealed the social exchange of ostrich-­shell beads during the Late Quaternary in the Karoo Supergroup.

[Findings]

Interviews with reptile poachers in southwestern Balochistan indicated that the Caspian cobra, the desert monitor, the Iranian mastigure, Maynard’s longnose sand snake, the Persian spider gecko, and the Tartar sand boa were being captured for use by snake charmers.

[Findings]

Herpetologists inventoried the scars of snakes found in the Danube Gorge.

[Findings]

Half of Algeria’s marine turtle strandings are inexplicable.

[Findings]

Hemotoxic snakebite may be treatable with a heavy-­­metal chelator.

[Findings]

The mating calls of male Panama cross-­banded tree frogs are synchronized to confuse bats and midges.

[Findings]

Arson dogs’ noses remain better than lab equipment at detecting certain accelerants.

[Findings]

CBD improves quality of life in arthritic elderly dogs.

[Findings]

Finnish scientists identified the genomic region associated with fearfulness in Great Danes.

[Findings]

The decreasing transpiration of plants, a result of rising carbon dioxide levels, was partly to blame for recent heat waves in northern latitudes.

[Findings]

Peatlands, which now store roughly as much carbon as Earth’s forests or its atmosphere, can hold more carbon if exposed to low-­intensity fires.

[Findings]

Inland waters are emitting previously unaccounted-for levels of carbon dioxide, and freshwater insects are flourishing even as terrestrial insects are dying off.

[Findings]

Ocean acidity can now be predicted five years ahead of time.

[Findings]

Green snow is spreading across Antarctica.

[Findings]

The deepest octopus observed to date was photographed in the Java Trench.

[Findings]

Terrestrial bacteria can grow on extraterrestrial nutrients; the black hole nearest Earth was discovered in the constellation Telescopium; and X-­ray experiments conducted at the European Synchrotron indicated that moisture is destroying The Scream.

[Findings]

A fungal parasite that afflicts the reproductive organs of millipedes was named in honor of Twitter.

[Findings]

In Maine, a loon stabbed a bald eagle through the heart.

[Findings]

Six new coronaviruses were discovered in bats.

[Findings]

Falling levels of tourist trash during pandemic lockdowns was found to have caused rat infighting, and macaques were reported to have attacked a lab assistant in Delhi and stolen vials of COVID-­19-­infected blood, which at least one monkey then tried to eat.

[Findings]

Vampire bats who are strangers will groom one another before sharing blood via regurgitation.

[Findings]

Skin swabs are three times as accurate as fecal samples at predicting a person’s age.

[Findings]

Young burglars are driven first by thrills, then by skills.

[Findings]

Half of the flights taken by British men aged twenty to forty-five are for stag parties.

[Findings]

Drivers of fancy cars yield to pedestrians less often than drivers of humble cars, and still less if the pedestrians are non-white men.

[Findings]

Los Angeles scientists found that the city’s road network could be more efficiently designed by P. polycephalum, a slime mold.

[Findings]

Stinging water was blamed on jellyfish mucus.

[Findings]

Engineers reported success in deploying “ultra-­gentle” robotic “linguine fingers” to grab deep-sea jellyfish.

[Findings]

Children, unlike adults, are resilient against the Pinocchio Illusion when their fingers are pulled upward in sync with a tone ascending from 700 to 1200 Hz.

[Findings]

Fingertip injuries can indicate child abuse.

[Findings]

Damage to parts of the right frontotemporoinsular lobes that spares the anterior hypothalamus was linked to the emergence of acquired pedophilia.

[Findings]

Five primate electrophysiologists agreed that, upon 50 Hz stimulation of the central lateral thalamus, anesthetized Wisconsin monkeys become wakeful.

[Findings]

The high contrast provided by humans’ white scleras enhances our awareness of one another’s gazes.

[Findings]

It remained unknown whether Shanidar Z received a Neanderthal flower burial.

[Findings]

An extinction-­risk model was found to work well for bumblebees.

[Findings]

An interdisciplinary team suggested that climate-­driven societal collapse may stabilize once humans start accepting years with many disasters as the new normal.

[Findings]

The formation of pre–Silk Road Eurasian empires was driven partly by the spread of northern Chinese broomcorn millet; nano­diamonds and meltglass at Abu Hureyra point to a cosmic impact at the onset of the Younger Dryas; the collapse of Harappan society coincided with the loss of the Ghaggar River’s perenniality and the onset of the Meghalayan Stage; the breakdown of Easter Island society and the cessation of megalithic statue-building postdated European contact; and epigraphic evidence suggested a descent into total war during the Terminal Classic era of Mayan civilization.

[Findings]

A 46,000-year-old bird recovered from the Siberian permafrost was determined to be a female horned lark.

[Findings]

The tail of an unidentified herbivorous dinosaur in Alberta was found to contain a type of histiocytic tumor that primarily affects young children.

[Findings]

The exoplanet NGTS-10b was found to have a year lasting eighteen Earth hours and to be at risk of falling into its star.

[Findings]

Astronomers recorded, in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster, the largest known post–Big Bang explosion, which lasted several hundred million years and created a void of fifteen galactic widths in the plasma around the cluster’s central black hole. “People were skeptical because of the size of the outburst,” said one of the scientists. “We don’t know why it’s so big.”

[Findings]

A spineless hedgehog in Fishcross regrew its spines and was released into the wild, and officials blamed the deaths of British black bees at Wisbech Castle on “morons.” 

[Findings]

A soggy Suffolk owl found in a ditch was diagnosed as too fat to fly.

[Findings]

Mount Vesuvius turned a Herculaneum man’s brain to glass, according to archaeologists, who also revived the voice of a priest from the reign of Ramesses XI and determined that a mummy in the Ulster Museum had been stabbed in the back.

[Findings]

Crystallized mud-wasp nests were used to revise the age of Aboriginal rock art, and a sheep hunters’ encampment was discovered in Nachcharini Cave.

[Findings]

India’s Supreme Court approved the importation of Namibian cheetahs.

[Findings]

Researchers who wear orange catch more anoles, and Australia began culling thousands of camels with helicopter snipers.

[Findings]

Sheep compensate well for lameness.

[Findings]

Southern white rhinos are threatened by inbreeding.

[Findings]

Veterinarians developed an ultrasound schedule for pregnant dolphins, and marine biologists discovered four new species of walking sharks and found that gray seals clap at each other to communicate underwater.

[Findings]

Cetaceans are least likely among mammals to dream profoundly.

[Findings]

African penguins were found to be the first non-primates whose speech exhibits both the Menzerath–­Altmann Law and Zipf’s Law of Brevity.

[Findings]

The asteroid strike at Yarrabubba may have ended Snowball Earth.

[Findings]

Ocean currents are speeding up.

[Findings]

Scientists looked forward to studying the flow of Antarctic bottom water from the Weddell Sea into the Scotia Sea.

[Findings]

Climate change will not encourage sugar maples to move northward, but it will drive Americans from the coasts toward Las Vegas.

[Findings]

Rising climate skepticism among Republicans in recent decades was attributed to backlash against Democratic elites.

[Findings]

Automation of the labor force may lead humans to overcome their differences, and researchers seeking to use personal voice-assistance to detect dementia among their users were awarded a $12 million grant.

[Findings]

Sugar ants will mine dried urine from sand.

[Findings]

The axolotl’s unusually large genome may be useful for something.

[Findings]

The world’s oldest bamboo fossil turned out to be a conifer.

[Findings]

Rumors seem more truthful when sourced to a friend of a friend.

[Findings]

Adolescent Dutch boys who instrumentalize sex are highly likely to nonconsensually forward sexts they receive from strangers.

[Findings]

A review of 250,000 pieces of erotica published between 2000 and 2016 found no significant increase in “transgressive” content, Saudi Arabians do not linger on porn websites, and neuroscientists reported that forceful, prosaic self-squeezing of the penile shaft more closely evokes the neurological signature of erotic touch than does gentle, prosaic self-squeezing of the glans.

[Findings]

Heterosexual women and men rated the erogeneity and appropriateness of having digital avatars of themselves touched by virtual men or women.

[Findings]

Straight women who can see and those who are blind care equally about dating good-looking men, though blind women place more importance on their partners having pleasant voices and odors.

[Findings]

Taiwanese men increase their odds of getting married in a given year by 3.92 percent for every 10 percent increase in the value of their real estate.

[Findings]

Red-haired or freckled women in high-UV latitudes have lower mortality risks, light-skinned sex workers in Mexico command higher rates, Brazilian men who self-identify as black are slightly happier with their penis size than those who self-identify as white, and a survey of forty countries found Colombian women to be more than five times as happy with their breast size as Japanese women.

[Findings]

Japanese macaques were recolonizing the abandoned zone around Fukushima.

[Findings]

Mantled howler monkeys howl for longer in the resource-rich interiors of forests than in areas impacted by human activity.

[Findings]

Baboons’ clear articulation of proto-vowels led scientists to conclude that speech could have begun developing twenty million years earlier than was previously thought.

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